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1099 contractor or W-2 employee? The 20-factor test the IRS actually uses in 2025

by Noah Green CPA CFE | Apr 14, 2026 | Small Business & 1099 Reality

A small marketing agency has been paying its bookkeeper, a graphic designer, and a developer on Form 1099-NEC for four years. Each invoices monthly, each works from their own office on their own schedule, each handles their own taxes. The owner thinks of all three as...

Time-Series Anomaly Detection in Excel: Rolling Z-Scores, Exponentially-Smoothed Residuals, and the Period-Over-Period Variance Diagnostic

by Noah Green CPA CFE | Apr 13, 2026 | DD Tech Lab

Year-over-year percent change with a 10% threshold remains the most common analytical procedure on multi-period balance trends. The metric has known limitations the practitioner should account for: it is undefined when the base is near zero, it carries no notion of...

Random Walks on DD Graphs: PageRank, Personalized PageRank, and Influence Ranking for Counterparty Investigations

by Noah Green CPA CFE | Apr 12, 2026 | DD Tech Lab

The Schema Design for Sanctions Screening article in this sub-series handled the direct-match screening problem: counterparty name matches an SDN entry, score the match, route for analyst review. Many sanctioned exposures are not direct. OFAC’s 50 Percent Rule...

Roth conversions: the two 5-year clocks you have to count from

by Noah Green CPA CFE | Apr 11, 2026 | Wealth, Generation & Crossover

A taxpayer who opened a Roth IRA in 2018 with \$5,500 of regular contribution did a \$200,000 Roth conversion from her traditional IRA in 2022. Three years later, at age 56, she withdraws \$50,000 from the Roth account believing the 5-year clock for...

GraphRAG for Due-Diligence Knowledge Management: Combining LLM Retrieval With Cypher Path Queries

by Noah Green CPA CFE | Apr 10, 2026 | DD Tech Lab

The DD practice accumulates institutional knowledge in a specific shape: structured (CRM entries, ownership data, transaction records) plus unstructured (engagement memos, IC presentations, expert-call transcripts, regulatory filings). Vanilla retrieval-augmented...
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Recent Posts

  • Forced Divestiture vs. Forfeiture: A Comparative Anatomy
  • The National-Security Screening Toolkit
  • The Integrated National-Security Diligence Workflow
  • The Whistleblower and Bounty Bridge: Where National-Security Diligence Meets Qui Tam
  • Asset Seizure and Forfeiture: The Sharpest Enforcement Spine

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